Ovarian cancer refers to cancer that forms in the tissues of the ovaries. It occurs due to abnormal multiplication of cells in the ovaries that end up forming tumors. Ovaries are essential organs that play a crucial function in female reproductive health. Ovaries are small oval-shaped organs present on either side of the uterus with the support of ligaments. A pair of ovaries present in the female body system is involved in producing eggs or reproductive hormones estrogen and progesterone in preparation for pregnancy. In the middle of the menstrual cycle, eggs are transported to the fallopian tube, where the egg is fertilized if the sperm occurs. If the fertilization does not occur, the uterine wall lining sheds as menstruation.
The incidence of ovarian cancer has soared in recent times, and it is ranked no:3 among the top 5 cancers in Indian women.The risk of ovarian cancer begins from 35 years and reaches its peak at the age of 55-60 years. In India, most ovarian cancer cases are detected only at the advanced stages, decreasing the survival rate and leading to a high fatality rate. Studies have put forward a few risk factors associated with causing ovarian cancer, stating that women who carry BRCA I and BRCA 2 gene mutations can have a high risk of developing ovarian cancer. The other risk factors includes family history of ovarian cancer, personal history of breast cancer, nulliparity i.e women who have never been pregnant during their menstrual age and those with a medication history of taking postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy for a long time. Ovarian cancer is hard to detect early because women with ovarian cancer present with no symptoms or mild symptoms. However, a few signs of ovarian cancer should not be overlooked, such as abdominal discomfort, abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding, stomach pain accompanied by belching, and women may experience frequent urination until the disease develops into an advanced stage. By that time, ovarian cancer will spread to distant parts of the body. To diagnose an Ovarian cancer, the doctor will perform a physical examination of the pelvis. They may also recommend having an imaging test such as an ultrasound abdomen or CT scan to determine the structure and size of ovaries. The doctor can confirm ovarian cancer based on the CA 125 blood test, a test that can detect the presence of protein on the surface of ovarian cancer cells. Although, a biopsy can only confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment of ovarian cancer comprises a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy or hormonal therapy. The surgery involves the removal of either both ovaries or uterus or sometimes even both. The trends in cancer medical research have shown that modern targeted therapies such as olaparib add to the benefits of ovarian cancer treatment. Olaparib is often addressed as Lynparza and is available as Lynparza 150mg tablet form. Olaparib works by inhibiting the Poly ADP ribose polymerase enzymes;hence it is classified as a PARP inhibitor. It acts by damaging the DNA strands and preventing the rapid growth of cancerous cells. The advantage of the Lynparza 150mg tablet is that it comes as an oral formulation which becomes a convenient way for patients to consume it. Although, it is recommended to take the medication exactly as prescribed by the doctor. Olaparib is indicated for first-line treatment of BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer and as maintenance therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer. In addition to this, Lynparza 150 mg is also used to treat advanced metastatic breast cancer and prostate cancer and as a first-line maintenance treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, it would be better to discuss your medical conditions, past medical and medication history with your doctor or healthcare professional for a better individual treatment choice.
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