Melanoma is one of the common skin cancers and accounts for 1 percent of total skin cancer cases. But it accounts for around 75 percent of the skin cancer-related deaths as this cancer can quickly grow and spread to the other body parts. The good part is that melanoma has a cure rate of 99% when found in its early stages. Melanocytes are the cells that produce melanin pigment that gives color to the skin. Melanoma occurs when the melanocytes divide and multiply in an uncontrolled manner. Scientists still do not know the clear cause of melanoma but strongly believe that harmful rays from the sun are the major risk factor for all skin cancers.
Sunlight contains two harmful rays – ultraviolet rays A and ultraviolet rays B, which are potential carcinogens (cancer-causing substances). On reaching the skin’s surface, they may cause changes in the genetic material (DNA) which leads to the production of abnormal cells. These rays can also cause sunburn, wrinkles, age spots, etc. People who look fair are more at risk of developing skin cancer. People who have weakened immune systems, live at a higher elevation, have unusual moles, or have a family history of melanoma are also at high risk of developing melanoma. The initial signs of melanoma include changes in the existing mole or the development of unusual growths on the skin. Other than skin, this cancer can also occur in the nose, eyes, etc. Melanoma usually develops in the areas of the skin exposed to the skin, but it can also occur in the other areas, such as the soles of the feet, and this is called hidden melanoma. People who are black in color are more at risk of hidden melanoma. Can it be prevented? Skin Cancer Foundation says that regular use of sunscreen can help lower your risk of melanoma by 50 percent and other common cancer called SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) by 40 percent. When choosing a sunscreen, make sure you buy a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun-protection factor of at least 30 to stay protected from both UVA and UVB rays. You can also avoid going outside between 10 am to 2 pm, when the sun’s rays are strongest. Wearing protective clothing that minimizes sun exposure and other sources of UV radiation, such as tanning beds, can help reduce your risk of melanoma. A biopsy involving the removal of unusual growth from the skin can help diagnose skin cancer, and this is enough to cure most early-stage melanomas. In some cases, the physicians may remove some healthy tissue surrounding the cancerous part. When cancer begins to spread, other treatment options such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy will be used. Noticing the unusual skin changes and consulting with a physician is important in finding the skin cancer early and its dangerous impact. Nivolumab is a targeted therapy used in the treatment of advanced melanoma in adults. It blocks the protein called PD-1 on certain immune cells called T-cells. This can activate T-cells to find and kill the cancer cells. Nivolumab is also used to treat cancers in the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, head, and neck, urinary tract, bladder, kidney, and lung. Opdyta 40mg Injection is one of the products containing the active constituent nivolumab. Your doctor may prescribe Opdyta 40mg Injection if you have skin cancer or other cancers mentioned above.
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